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Table 2 The experimental group's results of the tapping pedal test are shown with mean and standard deviation values of taps from pre- to post-training for each gender and context

From: Effects of a multimodal exercise program in pedal dexterity and balance: study with Portuguese older adults of different contexts

Hospital center

Residential care home

Tests

Males

Females

Total

Factor

F

p value

Tests

Males

Females

Total

Factor

F

p value

PF (pre-training)

18.25 ± 2.36

16.11 ± 4.56

16.76 ± 4.04

Time x Gender

8.787

0.013

PF (pre-training)

20.00 ± 1.89

20.13 ± 2.13

20.09 ± 2.02

Time

31.637

0.001

PF (post-training)

17.50 ± 3.31

19.11 ± 3.98

18.61 ± 3.73

PF (post-training)

24.66 ± 4.76

23.66 ± 3.15

23.95 ± 3.58

NPF (pre-training)

18.00 ± 2.16

15.00 ± 4.58

15.92 ± 4.15

Time × gender

7.007

.023

NPF (pre-training)

18.50 ± 1.87

19.00 ± 2.20

18.85 ± 2.08

Time

34.027

0.001

NPF (post-training)

17.50 ± 2.64

16.77 ± 5.14

17.00 ± 4.41

NPF (post-training)

23.83 ± 5.77

23.80 ± 3.50

23.80 ± 4.11

Daily living center

Tests

Males

Females

Total

Factor

F

p value

PF (pre-training)

22.33 ± 2.80

19.76 ± 3.63

20.57 ± 3.53

Time

53.901

0.001

PF (post-training)

27.00 ± 2.19

26.30 ± 4.64

26.52 ± 3.97

NPF (pre-training)

20.50 ± 4.13

18.71 ± 3.96

19.25 ± 3.99

Time

55.357

0.001

NPF (post-training)

25.16 ± 3.76

24.92 ± 4.19

25.00 ± 3.97

  1. Statistical significance, p ≤ 0.05
  2. PF preferred foot, NPF non-preferred foot, Time × gender interaction between time and gender