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Table 3 Reaction time and attention values (mean, SD, F, p-value, effect size and 95%CIES) obtained by participants (n=26) during the crossover study

From: Effect of a juggling-based physical activity on postural stability, reaction time, and attention focus in older adults: a randomized crossover study

Variable

JP

NJP

“TR”x”PP”

„TR”

„PP”

PRE

Mean(SD)

POST

Mean(SD)

PRE

Mean(SD)

POST

Mean(SD)

F (p-value)

ƞp2 [95%CIES]

F (p-value)

ƞp2 [95%CIES]

F (p-value)

ƞp2 [95%CIES]

Reaction Time test

 SRT[ms]

307.38(42.97)

292.69(41.98)

303.12(49.89)

294.96(47.65)

.69(.41)

.03[.00;.22]

.03(.87)

<.01[.00;.11]

5.68(.03)

.19[.00;.42]

 VSRT[ms]

44.96(17.34)

39.35(11.19)

40.62(14.58)

40.81(15.76)

1.97(.17)

.07[.00;.30]

.25(.62)

<.01[.00;.18]

1.75(.20)

.07[.00;.29]

 CRT[ms]

480.35{57.63)

463.12(55.68)

477.81(62.91)

472.54(57.71)

.78(.39)

.03[.00;.23]

.30(.59)

.01[.00;.19]

3.22(.08)

.11[.00;.35]

 VCRT[ms]

73.77(18.75)

67.04(20.19)

72.00(20.83)

71.12(19.41)

.92(.35)

.04[.00;.24]

.17(.68)

<.01[.00;.17]

1.33(.26)

.05[.00;.27]

 MT[ms]

262.96(73.85)

253.92(71.97)

247.71(64.28)

248.65(81.35)

.68(.42)

.03[.00;.22]

3.03(.09)

.11[.00;.34]

.43(.52)

.02[.00;.20]

 VMR[ms]

35.42(8.30)

33.65(11.15)

33.67(9.95)

33.10(13.68)

.20(.66)

<.01[.00;.17]

.60(.44)

.02[.00;.22]

.52(.48)

.02[.00;.21]

 DT[ms]

172.96(40.87)

170.42(48.82)

174.69(45.28)

177.58(36.69)

.23(.64)

<.01[.00;.18]

.36(.55)

.01[.00;.19]

.00(.97)

<.01[.00;<.01]

Cognitrone test

 COGCR[s]

3.23(.94)

3.04(.66)

3.18(.78)

3.07(.73)

.24(.63)

<.01[.00;.18]

.04(.85)

<.01[.00;.12]

2.97(.10)

.11[.00;.34]

 COGCA[s]

2.52(.61)

2.45(.59)

2.45(.51)

2.50(.58)

1.57(.22)

.06[.00;.28]

.02(.89)

<.01[.00;.10]

.01(.91)

<.01[.00;.08]

 COGC[n]

54.54(3.42)

55.15(4.20)

54.69(3.67)

55.69(3.87)

.16(.69)

<.01[.00;.16]

.55(.46)

.02[.00;.21]

5.47(.03)

.18[.00;.42]

 COGT[s]

176.81(46.06)

168.31(35.19)

174.81(40.66)

171.15(35.07)

.55(.47)

.02[.00;.21]

.01(.92)

<.01[.00;.08]

2.06(.16)

.08[.00;.30]

  1. “TR” – main effect: intervention (juggling/ non-juggling); “PP” – main effect: time (PRE/POST), JP juggling period, NJP non-juggling period, PRE before period, POST – after period, F   F statistic of ANOVA RM, ƞp2– effect size, partial eta square, 95%CIES – 95% confidence interval for effect size, Vienna Test System - Reaction time test: SRT  simple reaction time, VSRT  variability of simple reaction time, CRT  choice reaction time, VCRT  variability of choice reaction time, MT   motor time, VMT   variability of motor time, DT  decision time, Vienna Test System - Cognitrone test: COGCR – average time of correct rejections, COGCA – average time of correct acceptance, COGC – number of correct answers, COGT – duration of test, ms – milliseconds, s – seconds, n – number of correct answers