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Table 2 Training exercises and volume of the group training over unstable surfaces (UNST)

From: Multimodal training protocols on unstable rather than stable surfaces better improve dynamic balance ability in older adults

UNSTABLE GROUP (UNST)

Training C

 Exercise

Training volume

(series x reps)

Weeks 1–3

Weeks 4–6

Weeks 7–9

Weeks 10–12

 Standing hip abduction

3 × 10–15

On foam pad

On foam pad + EB

On balance disc

↑ EB resistance

On balance disc + EB

no support

 Hip flexion

3 × 10–15

On gymnastic ball

On gymnastic ball + AB (2 kg)

On gymnastic ball + AB (3 kg)

On gymnastic ball + AB (3 kg)

no support

 Monopodalic stance

3 × 30-45 s

On foam pad

On balance disc

On balance disc

↑ volume

On balance disc

no support

 Crunch

3 × 10–15

On gymnastic ball

hands on chest

On gymnastic ball

hands behind head

On gymnastic ball

↑ volume

On gymnastic ball

↑ volume

 Squat

3 × 10–15

/

On foam pad

half squat

On foam pad

box squat

On balance disc

box squat

Training D

 Exercise

Training volume

(series x reps)

Weeks 1–3

Weeks 4–6

Weeks 7–9

Weeks 10–12

 Leg press

3 × 10–15

On foam pad

40% body mass

On foam pad

↑ load

On balance disc

↑ load

On balance disc

↑ load

 Standing hip adduction

3 × 10–15

On foam pad

no weights

On foam pad + EB

On balance disc

↑ EB resistance

On balance disc + EB

no support

 Standing hip extension

3 × 10–15

On foam pad

no weights

On foam pad + AB (2 kg)

On balance disc + AB (3 kg)

On balance disc + AB (3 kg)

no support

 Bipodalic calf

3 × 10–15

On foam pad

On foam pad

no support

On balance disc

On balance disc

no support

 Bridge

3 × 30-45 s

/

On foam pad

isometric

On foam pad

↑ volume

Dynamic on balance disc

(3 × 10-15 reps)

  1. EB elastic band, AB ankle brace