Table 4 Outcome parameters before (T₀), at six weeks (T₁) and after (T₂) the intervention for the three groups. Data are presented as mean and standard error of the mean (SE)

Unit Path (cm·s⁻¹) ^{*, †}

(95% CI)

23.53 ± 1.03

(21.39,25.68)

22.67 ± 0.93 (20.72,24.62)

23.02 ± 0.90 (21.14,24.91)

27.10 ± 2.29

(22.29,31.90)

23.99 ± 1.85

(20.10,27.88)

23.22 ± 1.12^‡

(20.86,25.59)

24.49 ± 1.10 (22.15,26.83)

26.11 ± 1.60 (22.72,29.51)

23.40 ± 1.01 (21.25,25.55)

Area95 (cm²) ^{*, †}

(95% CI)

55.66 ± 10.31

(34.07,77.24)

39.06 ± 6.91 (24.60,53.52)

39.16 ± 5.53 (27.59,50.73)

98.37 ± 23.14

(49.75,147.0)

56.68 ± 18.70^‡

(17.39,95.97)

46.41 ± 7.97^‡

(29.66,63.16)

52.87 ± 9.72 (32.26,73.49)

64.02 ± 15.29 (31.60,96.44)

33.86 ± 3.81 (25.78,41.93)

First Peak (cm) ^†

(95% CI)

6.96 ± 0.18

(6.59,7.34)

6.67 ± 0.17

(6.32,7.02)

7.01 ± 0.18

(6.65,7.38)

7.25 ± 0.14

(6.96,7.55)

7.03 ± 0.21

(6.60,7.46)

6.72 ± 0.19

(6.32,7.11)

7.08 ± 0.22

(6.60,7.55)

7.43 ± 0.23

(6.93,7.92)

7.30 ± 0.22

(6.82,7.77)

ΔCoPMax (cm) ^{*, †}

(95% CI)

12.07 ± 0.52

(10.99,13.16)

9.82 ± 0.39^‡

(9.01,10.63)

10.57 ± 0.46^‡

(9.61,11.52)

12.62 ± 0.53

(11.51,13.74)

10.99 ± 0.62^‡

(9.69,12.29)

9.95 ± 0.55^‡

(8.79,11.10)

11.37 ± 0.58

(10.14,12.60)

11.37 ± 0.56

(10.19,12.56)

10.66 ± 0.51

(9.57,11.74)

PPV (cm) ^{*, †}

(95% CI)

3.00 ± 0.13

(2.72,3.27)

2.31 ± 0.07^‡

(2.16,2.46)

2.42 ± 0.11^‡

(2.20,2.65)

3.21 ± 0.17

(2.85,3.56)

2.61 ± 0.20^‡

(2.18,3.04)

2.38 ± 0.14^‡

(2.09,2.67)

2.78 ± 0.16

(2.43,3.12)

2.62 ± 0.16

(2.28,2.96)

2.36 ± 0.12

(2.11,2.61)

Strength (%BM) ^{*, †}

(95% CI)

56.49 ± 2.95

(50.29,62.68)

67.70 ± 3.38^‡

(60.61,74.80)

69.08 ± 2.93^‡

(62.92,75.23)

64.21 ± 2.53

(58.90,69.52)

71.24 ± 4.01

(62.63,79.85)

75.30 ± 4.20^‡

(66.47,84.13)

59.60 ± 3.81

(51.43,67.77)

60.93 ± 3.27

(53.92,67.94)

59.88 ± 3.72

(51.90,67.86)

TUG (s) ^*

(95% CI)

8.85 ± 0.20

(8.44,9.26)

8.90 ± 0.22

(8.43,9.36)

8.41 ± 0.17

(8.06,8.76)

9.18 ± 0.24

(8.67,9.68)

9.10 ± 0.25

(8.59,9.62)

8.65 ± 0.20

(8.23,9.06)

9.98 ± 0.43

(9.07,10.88)

9.68 ± 0.37

(8.90,10.45)

9.55 ± 0.40

(8.71,10.38)

10-m (s)

(95% CI)

7.35 ± 0.18

(6.98,7.72)

7.28 ± 0.12

(7.03,7.54)

7.20 ± 0.13

(6.92,7.48)

7.54 ± 0.10

(7.32,7.76)

7.59 ± 0.15

(7.27,7.92)

7.43 ± 0.15

(7.11,7.75)

7.71 ± 0.26

(7.16,8.26)

7.62 ± 0.22

(7.15,8.08)

7.69 ± 0.26

(7.16,8.23)