Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants in both CG and IG
|  | Control Group (n = 27) | Intervention Group (n = 29) | p |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 72.6 (5.7) | 72.9 (8.0) | 0.856 |
Gender (n(%)) | 0.479 | ||
 Female | 25 (92.6%) | 24 (82.8%) |  |
Housing (n(%)) | 1.00 | ||
 < 3 rooms apartment | 4 (14.8%) | 4 (13.8%) |  |
Living status (n(%)) | 0.280 | ||
 Alone | 9 (33.3%) | 5 (17.2%) |  |
Education (n(%)) | 1.00 | ||
 < Primary education | 12 (44.4%) | 13 (44.8%) |  |
Smoking history (n (%)) | 0.073 | ||
 Current smoker | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |  |
 Ex-smoker | 0 (0.0%) | 5 (17.2%) |  |
 Non-smoker | 27 (100.0%) | 24 (82.8%) |  |
Falls history | 1.00 | ||
 Yes | 14 (51.9%) | 14 (48.3%) |  |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 25.1 (4.0) | 23.6 (3.4) | 0.127 |
Comorbidities (n (%)) | |||
 Arthritis | 10 (37.0%) | 6 (20.7%) | 0.291 |
 Cardiovascular disease | 1 (3.7%) | 3 (10.3%) | 0.656 |
 Diabetes | 4 (14.8%) | 8 (27.6%) | 0.402 |
 Hyperlipidaemia | 14 (51.9%) | 18 (62.1%) | 0.616 |
 Hypertension | 14 (51.9%) | 17 (58.6%) | 0.810 |
 Osteoporosis | 5 (18.5%) | 6 (20.7%) | 1.00 |
Frailty status (n (%)) | 0.689 | ||
 Robust | 6 (22.2%) | 4 (13.8%) |  |
 Pre-frail | 19 (70.4%) | 22 (75.9%) |  |
 Frail | 2 (7.4%) | 3 (10.3%) |  |