Table 1 Characteristics of the study populations

Background characteristics

n = 1158

n = 289

n = 196

Age [year]

51.4 ± 2.0

78.3 ± 3.5

78.4 ± 3.4

Menopausal status^a

 Pre

27.2 (315)

 Peri

37.3 432)

n.a.

n.a.

 Post

35.5 (411)

Occupational physical activity^a

 Sedentary work

46.2 (535)

n.a.

n.a.

 Includes physical activity

40.9 (474)

Physical activity

n = 784

n = 289

n = 196

Mean MAD [mg]

29.2 ± 9.2

23.0 ± 8.0

25.8 ± 8.6

Anthropometrics and body composition

n = 1018

n = 279

n = 179

Body height [cm]

165 ± 6

158 ± 5

172 ± 6

Total body mass [kg]

70.0 ± 11.0

70.3 ± 12.2

79.7 ± 11.5

Body mass index [kg/m²]

25.5 ± 3.7

28.0 ± 4.8

26.8 ± 3.7

Body fat percentage [%]

30.9 ± 7.5

39.1 ± 7.4

27.7 ± 7.1

Muscle-free mass [kg]

43.6 ± 9.1

47.8 ± 10.5

48.3 ± 9.1

Muscle mass [kg]

26.4 ± 3.1

22.5 ± 2.7

31.4 ± 4.0

Relative muscle mass [%]

38.2 ± 4.2

32.5 ± 4.0

39.7 ± 4.0

Functional capacity

Six-minute walking distance [m]

669 ± 61

(n = 850)

408 ± 79

(n = 279)

435 ± 81

(n = 189)

Relative knee extension torque [Nm/kg]

2.28 ± 0.51

(n = 794)

1.05 ± 0.32

(n = 275)

1.60 ± 0.40

(n = 175)